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A developer’s main characteristics are activity, development speed, and effect on film gradation, graininess, and sharpness. The developer consists typically of one or more developing agents, a preservative (such as sodium sulfite) to prevent oxidation by the air, an alkali (such as sodium carbonate) to activate the developer, and a restrainer or antifoggant to ensure that the developer acts only on exposed silver halide crystals. Large-scale commercial processing laboratories use machines that automatically feed the films through the solutions in proper sequence.

Sheet films are similarly treated in small tanks or held in hangers and immersed sequentially in the different processing solutions. Once the tank is loaded (in the dark), processing takes place in normal light, the processing baths (developer, intermediate rinse, fixer) being poured into the tank at the appropriate intervals. In this type of development roll or miniature film is wound around a reel with a spiral groove, which keeps adjacent turns separated and allows access by the processing solutions.

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FINAL PRINT PHOTOGRAPHY HOW TO

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